{"id":11891,"date":"2021-09-18T12:33:10","date_gmt":"2021-09-18T11:33:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/?p=11891"},"modified":"2021-09-18T12:35:47","modified_gmt":"2021-09-18T11:35:47","slug":"siemens-halske-multizet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/2021\/09\/18\/siemens-halske-multizet\/","title":{"rendered":"Multimetar Siemens &#038; Halske (Multizet)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Danas je nabavljen multimetar njema\u010dke tvrtke Siemens &amp; Halske iz 1950-tih godina.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_04.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"lightbox[11891] noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11894 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_04.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"972\" height=\"1035\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_04.jpg 972w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_04-768x818.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 972px) 100vw, 972px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_03.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"lightbox[11891] noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11893 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1641\" height=\"804\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_03.jpg 1641w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_03-768x376.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1641px) 100vw, 1641px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tvrtku Siemens &amp; Halske (dana\u0161nji Siemens AG) su davne 1847. godine osnovali njema\u010dki izumitelj Werner von Siemens i precizni mehani\u010dar Johann Georg Halske kao kompaniju za gradnju telegrafskih i drugih elektri\u010dnih mre\u017ea, a do danas se razvila u jednu od vode\u0107ih svjetskih tvrtki na podru\u010dju elektronike, elektrotehnike, telekomunikacija i drugih srodnih grana tehnike.<\/p>\n<p>S obzirom da je Siemens &amp; Halske u proizvodnji elektri\u010dne opreme prisutan od samih po\u010detaka \u0161iroke primjene iste, a asortiman tvrtke uklju\u010duje veliki broj razli\u010ditih elektri\u010dnih ure\u0111aja, danas je za neke proizvode te tvrtke te\u0161ko odrediti godinu proizvodnje, posebice kad isti nema nikakvu oznaku modela ni serijski broj. Iako se Johann Georg Halske iz tvrtke povukao ve\u0107 1867. godine naziv Siemens &amp; Halske zadr\u017eao se sve do kraja 1960-tih godina tako da na\u0161 multimetar s obzirom na ugra\u0111enu tehnologiju lako mo\u017eemo svrstati u bilo koje razdoblje izme\u0111u 1930-tih i 1960-tih godina. \u0160tovi\u0161e, neki ure\u0111aji su se u prakti\u010dno nepromijenjenom obliku proizvodili vi\u0161e desetlje\u0107a, a posebno je bio \u010dest slu\u010daj da se zalihe dijelova, komponenti i ure\u0111aja iz razdoblja proizvodnje prije i tijekom 2. svjetskog rata nastave koristiti i u 1950-tim pa \u010dak i 1960-tim godinama.<\/p>\n<p>Ovaj na\u0161 instrument prema svemu sude\u0107i pripada Siemens &amp; Halske seriji multimetara naziva MULTIZET. Ovi instrumenti su razvijeni sredinom 1930-tih godina, no nastavili su se proizvoditi i nakon rata u nacionaliziranim pogonima tvrtke Siemens &amp; Halske naziva RTF i VEB (vidi objavu <a href=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/2020\/11\/15\/wheatstoneov-mjerni-most-sh-form-z-ms-ia-86\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wheatstoneov mjerni most S&amp;H Form Z Ms.Ia.86<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_02.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"lightbox[11891] noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11892 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1621\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_02.jpg 1621w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_02-768x273.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1621px) 100vw, 1621px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #00ffff;\"><em>Mogu\u0107e je da su na zadnjoj plo\u010di i skali nekih serija ovih instrumenta bile otisnute odre\u0111ene oznake proizvo\u0111a\u010da i\/ili upute za upotrebu instrumenta. S obzirom da je tvrtka Siemens &amp; Halske tijekom 2. svjetskog rata bila u slu\u017ebi Njema\u010dke, a nakon rata je nacionalizirana od Rusije, jasno je da oznake na proizvodima tvrtke nisu mogle ostati iste tako da su one morale biti promijenjene ili su jednostavno uklonjene. O\u0161te\u0107enja nastala na skali vjerojatno su posljedica dugotrajnog izlaganja instrumenta izvoru UV zraka ili topline (sunce) koja je s vremenom uni\u0161tila temeljnu bijelu boju kojom je premazana skala. Ipak, mogu\u0107e je da je boja popucala i od starosti jer su ista o\u0161te\u0107enja prisutna na otvorenom kao i na ku\u0107i\u0161tem zaklonjenom dijelu skale. \u00a0<\/em> <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_14.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"lightbox[11891] noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11904 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_14.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1287\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_14.jpg 1287w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_14-768x292.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1287px) 100vw, 1287px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"color: #00ffff;\">Jedine oznake nalazimo na kapici sklopke za odabir mjernih opsega i u unutra\u0161njosti bakelitnog ku\u0107i\u0161ta. Ovo su samo oznake patenata tih komada vjerojatno iz 1934. godine.<\/span> <\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Multimetar Siemens &amp; Halske omogu\u0107uje slijede\u0107a mjerenja:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>mjerenje istosmjernog i izmjeni\u010dnog napona do 600 V u \u0161est mjernih opsega<\/li>\n<li>mjerenje istosmjerne i izmjeni\u010dne struje do 6 A u \u0161est mjernih opsega<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_05.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"lightbox[11891] noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11895 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_05.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1033\" height=\"1095\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_05.jpg 1033w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_05-768x814.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1033px) 100vw, 1033px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_06.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"lightbox[11891] noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11896 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_06.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2315\" height=\"1096\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_06.jpg 2315w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_06-768x364.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2315px) 100vw, 2315px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kao \u0161to vidimo sa slika instrument koristi mjerni sistem za zakretnim svitkom, te bakar-oksidni suhi ispravlja\u010d za izmjeni\u010dna mjerenja (vidi objavu <a href=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/2020\/10\/22\/multimetar-normameter-gw-ohm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Multimetar Normameter GW Ohm<\/a>). Svi mjerni otpornici su \u017ei\u010dani na kerami\u010dkim tijelima (osim shuntova za ve\u0107e struje), bakelitno ku\u0107i\u0161te, robusna sklopka za odabir mjernih podru\u010dja sa mesinganim kontaktima, izvedba mjernog sistema, sve ovo je tipi\u010dno za mjerene instrumente do 1950-tih godina.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_07.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"lightbox[11891] noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11897 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_07.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1593\" height=\"871\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_07.jpg 1593w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_07-768x420.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1593px) 100vw, 1593px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_08.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"lightbox[11891] noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11898 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_08.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1002\" height=\"1059\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_08.jpg 1002w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_08-768x812.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1002px) 100vw, 1002px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_09.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"lightbox[11891] noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11899 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_09.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2100\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_09.jpg 2100w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_09-768x274.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2100px) 100vw, 2100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ako \u0107emo ve\u0107 navesti neku specifi\u010dnost to su vrlo prakti\u010dno odabrani naponski mjerni opsezi koji omogu\u0107avaju precizna mjerenja mre\u017enih napona od 110 i 220 V, kao i karakteristi\u010dnih napona iz baterija, akumulatora i ispravlja\u010da, jer o\u010ditanja ovih vrijednosti uglavnom padaju na zadnju \u010detvrtinu otklona skale gdje je instrument najprecizniji. To\u010dnost instrumenta je ina\u010de \u00b11% za istosmjerna, odnosno \u00b11,5% za izmjeni\u010dna mjerenja (20-500 Hz). Mjerenje vi\u0161ih frekvencija izmjeni\u010dne struje i napona pove\u0107ava pogre\u0161ku mjerenja za 0,5-2,5% ovisno o mjernom opsegu, a promjena radne temperature za 10\u00b0C mo\u017ee unijeti dodatnu pogre\u0161ku od 1,2%.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_10.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"lightbox[11891] noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11900 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_10.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1017\" height=\"1069\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_10.jpg 1017w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_10-768x807.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1017px) 100vw, 1017px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_11.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"lightbox[11891] noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11901 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_11.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1890\" height=\"787\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_11.jpg 1890w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_11-768x320.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1890px) 100vw, 1890px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_12.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"lightbox[11891] noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11902 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_12.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1767\" height=\"725\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_12.jpg 1767w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_12-768x315.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1767px) 100vw, 1767px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_13.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"lightbox[11891] noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11903 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_13.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2607\" height=\"863\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_13.jpg 2607w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_13-768x254.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2607px) 100vw, 2607px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #00ffff;\"><em>Detalj na suhi ispravlja\u010d od bakar-oksida (lijevo) i mjerni sistem sa zakretnim svitkom (desno).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kod ovakvih jednostavnih vintage mjernih instrumenata najve\u0107u edukativnu vrijednost pru\u017ea izravni uvid u samu tehnologiju izrade elektri\u010dnih komponenti te mehani\u010dka konstrukcija ure\u0111aja sastavljenog od istih. Stoga se ne treba bojati oprezno rastaviti neki takav ure\u0111aj, naravno do granica do kojih \u0107emo kasnije opet sve mo\u0107i vratiti u originalno stanje, te prou\u010diti i istra\u017eiti njegovu unutra\u0161nju konstrukciju. Dobra stara elektronika jo\u0161 uvijek nas mo\u017ee mnogo\u010demu nau\u010diti \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Danas je nabavljen multimetar njema\u010dke tvrtke Siemens &amp; Halske iz 1950-tih godina. &nbsp; &nbsp; Tvrtku Siemens &amp; Halske (dana\u0161nji Siemens AG) su davne 1847. godine osnovali njema\u010dki izumitelj Werner von Siemens i precizni mehani\u010dar Johann Georg Halske kao kompaniju za gradnju telegrafskih i drugih elektri\u010dnih mre\u017ea, a do danas se razvila u jednu od vode\u0107ih [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11894,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-11891","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-mjerni","8":"czr-hentry"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/siemens_multizet_04.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11891","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11891"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11891\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11907,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11891\/revisions\/11907"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11894"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11891"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11891"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11891"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}