{"id":16836,"date":"2023-05-21T13:59:51","date_gmt":"2023-05-21T12:59:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/?p=16836"},"modified":"2023-05-21T13:59:51","modified_gmt":"2023-05-21T12:59:51","slug":"tens-electrotone-pulse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/2023\/05\/21\/tens-electrotone-pulse\/","title":{"rendered":"TENS stimulator Electrotone Pulse"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Danas je nabavljen TENS elektrostimulator oznake Electrotone Pulse. Objektivan \u010dlanak o ovom obliku elektrostimulacije mo\u017eete pro\u010ditati na stranici <a href=\"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/o_blogu\/\">O blogu<\/a>, a vrlo sli\u010dan ure\u0111aj opisali smo u objavi <a href=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/2020\/05\/14\/elektrostimulator-ito-tens-120z\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elektrostimulator ITO TENS 120Z<\/a>. Ukratko, ovo je jo\u0161 jedan od tisu\u0107e me\u0111usobno vrlo sli\u010dnih ku\u0107nih ure\u0111aja za elektrostimulaciju mi\u0161i\u0107a proizveden u Kini po narud\u017ebi nekih od tisu\u0107euvoznika i distributera artikala iz podru\u010dja kozmetike, dodataka prehrani, medicinskih pomagala, osobne njege i tome sli\u010dno.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_02.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[16836]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16838\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_02.jpg 1000w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_02-768x430.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_04.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[16836]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16844\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_04.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_04.jpg 1300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_04-768x308.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_03.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[16836]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16839\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"555\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_03.jpg 1000w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_03-768x426.jpg 768w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_03-450x250.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ve\u0107ina TENS ure\u0111aja pa tako i na\u0161 Electrotone Pulse generiraju serije (cikluse, pakete) kratkotrajnih impulsa u nekom podesivom vremenu trajanja, u podesivim razmacima i podesive amplitude. Prema podacima koje smo uspjeli na\u0107i na Internetu tehni\u010dki podaci za na\u0161 ure\u0111aj su slijede\u0107i:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0161irina impulsa (trajanje kontrakcije): 160 \u00b5s<\/li>\n<li>frekvencija ponavljanja impulsa: 40 Hz<\/li>\n<li>trajanje jednog ciklusa: 0,2 \u2013 1,3 s<\/li>\n<li>trajanje pauze izme\u0111u ciklusa: 0,5 \u2013 1,2 s<\/li>\n<li>amplituda impulsa: 320 V bez optere\u0107enja, 180 V na otporu 10k\u2126, 60 V na otporu 1 k\u2126<\/li>\n<li>napajanje ure\u0111aja je preko baterije 9 V, a potro\u0161nja struje je 50 mA<\/li>\n<li>dimenzije ure\u0111aja su 115x60x42 mm, a te\u017eina je 100 grama bez baterije<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Prvo \u0107emo osciloskopom provjeriti to\u010dnost ovih podataka.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_13.gif\" rel=\"lightbox[16836]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16843\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_13.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1608\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_13.gif 1608w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_13-768x229.gif 768w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_13-1170x350.gif 1170w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1608px) 100vw, 1608px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"color: #00ffff;\"><em>Prikaz jednog impulsa na izlazu iz oscilatora i na izlazu iz transformatora. \u0160irina impulsa je oko 180 \u00b5s, amplituda na izlazu oko 370 Vpp bez optere\u0107enja \u0161to pribli\u017eno odgovara specifikacijama.<\/em> <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_01.gif\" rel=\"lightbox[16836]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16837\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_01.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1607\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_01.gif 1607w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_01-768x229.gif 768w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_01-1170x350.gif 1170w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1607px) 100vw, 1607px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"color: #00ffff;\"><em>Prikaz slijeda impulsa na izlazu iz oscilatora i na izlazu iz transformatora. Frekvencija je oko 40 Hz \u0161to odgovara specifikacijama.\u00a0 <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_12.gif\" rel=\"lightbox[16836]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16842\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_12.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1607\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_12.gif 1607w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_12-768x229.gif 768w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_12-1170x350.gif 1170w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1607px) 100vw, 1607px\" \/><\/a><em><span style=\"color: #00ffff;\">Prikaz opsega rada LENGHT i INTERVAL kontrola. Trajanje ciklusa se mo\u017ee podesiti u opsegu 0,18 &#8211; 1,12 sekundi, a trajanje pauze u opsegu 0,32 &#8211; 0,93 sekunde \u0161to je tako\u0111er vrlo blizu specifikacijama.<\/span> <\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_06.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[16836]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16840\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_06.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"319\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_06.jpg 1300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_06-768x188.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_07.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[16836]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16845\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_07.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"447\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_07.jpg 1300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_07-768x264.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_09.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[16836]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16846\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_09.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_09.jpg 1300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_09-768x312.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_11.gif\" rel=\"lightbox[16836]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16841\" src=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_11.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"634\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_11.gif 1280w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_11-768x380.gif 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ure\u0111aj se bazira na dva dobro poznata integrirana kruga 555, konkretno HA 17555 proizvo\u0111a\u010da Hitachi. Oba 555 su spojena kao astabilni multivibratori za generiranje neprekidnog slijeda pravokutnih impulsa.<\/p>\n<p>Prvi 555 generira impulse podesivog vremena trajanja 0,2 \u2013 1,3 sekunde i podesivog vremena pauze izme\u0111u njih 0,5 \u2013 1,2 s. Kako bi se dobila neovisnost regulacije vremena trajanja impulsa (MARK) i pauze (SPACE) izlaznog signala koriste se regulacijski krugovi preko suprotno polariziranih dioda, gdje jedna propu\u0161ta struju samo za vrijeme pra\u017enjenja, a druga samo za vrijeme punjenja kondenzatora u RC krugu. Dobiveni signal iz prvog 555 slu\u017ei za kontrolu uklju\u010divanja i isklju\u010divanja drugog 555 preko RESET pina. Dioda kod drugog 555 slu\u017ei za skra\u0107ivanje vremena punjenja kondenzatora kako bi MARK \u0161irina bila \u0161to u\u017ea i time se dobili kratkotrajni impulsi \u0161irine 160 \u00b5s i frekvencije 40 Hz.<\/p>\n<p>Pogonski stupanj (driver) za primar transformatora izveden je na specifi\u010dan na\u010din. Izlazni impulsi iz drugog 555 poja\u010davaju se preko dva tranzistora KSP2222A u Darlingtonom spoju, a isti se napajaju preko tre\u0107eg tranzistora KSP2222A. Ovaj tre\u0107i tranzistor se kontrolira signalom iz prvog 555 preko potenciometra za ja\u010dinu. Time je poja\u010dalo isklju\u010deno za vrijeme trajanja pauze (SPACE) i radi samo u vremenu kada se generiraju izlazni impulsi (MARK). Potenciometrom se preko tranzistora regulira napon za poja\u010dalo tako da je ovime maksimalno racionalizirana potro\u0161nja struje (baterije) i optere\u0107enje izlaznih poja\u010dala.<\/p>\n<p>Kao naponski transformatori se koriste standardni mali audio transformatori koji amplitudu ulaznog impulsnog napona podi\u017eu na cca 320 V. Primari transformatora su za suprotni smjer napona premo\u0161teni za\u0161titnim diodama kako bi se kratko spojio negativni napon nastao uslijed samoindukcije, koji bi mogao uni\u0161titi tranzistore.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ovaj TENS ure\u0111aj je za razliku od mnogih drugih ipak konstruiran da barem teoretski mo\u017ee i funkcionirati, odnosno izazivati neke mi\u0161i\u0107ne kontrakcije. Ovo se mo\u017ee zahvaliti visokom izlaznom naponu, ali gdje uz ograni\u010denu struju i \u010dinjenicu da se radi o impulsima vrlo kratkog trajanja isti nije opasan po \u017eivot. Tako\u0111er, ako do\u0111e do bilo kakvog kvara na ure\u0111aju isti ne bi trebao generirati neki drugi oblik napona koji bi eventualno bio opasan po \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<p>No, tr\u017ei\u0161ni standardi, norme i propisi jedan takav ure\u0111aj koji generira napon od 320 V i koji se izravno dovodi preko elektroda na ko\u017eu nikako ne mogu kategorizirati kao posve bezopasan. Tko zna \u0161to bi se dogodilo da netko elektrode spoji na primjer na jezik ili tko zna gdje bi ve\u0107 to nekom korisniku moglo pasti na pamet. Stoga su neke norme vjerojatno zabranile slobodnu prodaju ovakvih ure\u0111aja za neprofesionalne korisnike. Trgovci pak su taj problem jednostavno zaobi\u0161li na na\u010din da su po\u010deli proizvoditi TENS ure\u0111aje bez visokog napona, odnosno bez izlaznih poja\u010dala i transformatora. Bez obzira na \u010dinjenicu \u0161to su takvi ure\u0111aji time \u010dak i teoretski postali posve beskorisni, oni se i dalje nekako uspijevaju prodavati po cijenama i 1000% ve\u0107ima od stvarne proizvodne cijene. Va\u017ena je dobra reklama, nekoliko la\u017enih profila zadovoljnih i izlije\u010denih korisnika, a stvarnih pacijenata koji ne \u017eale novac da si nekako olak\u0161aju zdravstvene tegobe \u0107e uvijek biti. Dovoljno je navesti \u010dinjenicu da lije\u010denje strujama traje sada ve\u0107 najmanje 100 godina i za to vrijeme se razvilo na desetke ako ne i stotine fantasti\u010dnih i jednako tako posve nepotvr\u0111enih ideja kako razli\u010dite struje mogu dijagnosticirati i lije\u010diti apsolutno sve bolesti i zdravstvene tegobe. Pacijent, ako duboko vjeruje u te ideje, mo\u017eda \u010dak i pobolj\u0161a svoje op\u0107e stanje. Naime, placebo efekt je fenomen koji u nekim slu\u010dajevima dokazano poma\u017ee, pa makar bio potaknut i eto nekom ovakvom \u010darobnom elektroni\u010dkom kutijicom \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Danas je nabavljen TENS elektrostimulator oznake Electrotone Pulse. Objektivan \u010dlanak o ovom obliku elektrostimulacije mo\u017eete pro\u010ditati na stranici O blogu, a vrlo sli\u010dan ure\u0111aj opisali smo u objavi Elektrostimulator ITO TENS 120Z. Ukratko, ovo je jo\u0161 jedan od tisu\u0107e me\u0111usobno vrlo sli\u010dnih ku\u0107nih ure\u0111aja za elektrostimulaciju mi\u0161i\u0107a proizveden u Kini po narud\u017ebi nekih od tisu\u0107euvoznika [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16838,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-16836","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-biostimulator","8":"czr-hentry"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/electrotone_pulse_02.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16836"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16836\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16847,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16836\/revisions\/16847"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16838"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}