{"id":5150,"date":"2019-05-15T23:04:31","date_gmt":"2019-05-15T22:04:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/?p=5150"},"modified":"2020-12-28T20:13:14","modified_gmt":"2020-12-28T19:13:14","slug":"vhf-primopredajnik-autophon-se-129","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/2019\/05\/15\/vhf-primopredajnik-autophon-se-129\/","title":{"rendered":"VHF primopredajnik AUTOPHON SE 129"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p>Danas je nabavljen VHF FM ru\u010dni primopredajnik \u0161vicarske tvrtke Autophon, oznake SE 129 iz 1991. godine. Tvrtka Autophon AG osnovana je 1922. godine i tijekom svojeg postojanja bavila se proizvodnjom komercijalnih radio i TV prijemnika, te \u017ei\u010dnih i be\u017ei\u010dnih telekomunikacijskih ure\u0111aja i opreme za vojne i civilne potrebe. Autophon AG je do 1987. godine prerasla u najve\u0107u telekomunikacijsku tvrtku u \u0160vicarskoj, te iste godine dolazi do njenog spajanja sa drugim srodnim tvrtkama u Autophon Holding AG. Primopredajnik SE 129 nastao je na temelju primopredajnika HFE 165 kojega je 1984. na tr\u017ei\u0161te uvela njema\u010dka tvrtka Bosch. Vrlo sli\u010dne primopredajnike na tom istom dizajnu od 1986. godine proizvodila je njema\u010dka tvrtke AEG pod nazivom AEG Olympia Teleport K, a od 1987. godine i njema\u010dki Teletron pod nazivom T-129.<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_03.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5153\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_03-564x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"564\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_03-564x1024.jpg 564w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_03-165x300.jpg 165w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_03-768x1396.jpg 768w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_03.jpg 1198w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_01.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5151\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_01-1024x289.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"289\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_01-1024x289.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_01-300x85.jpg 300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_01-768x216.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_02.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5152\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_02-1024x282.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_02-1024x282.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_02-300x83.jpg 300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_02-768x211.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>Primopredajnik Autophon SE 129 radi u frekvencijskom opsegu 160-174 MHz na dva kristalima kontrolirana kanala, a u na\u0161em je slu\u010daju ugra\u0111en par kristala za jedan simpleks kanal na frekvenciji 170,025 MHz. Autophon SE 129 se napaja za njega dizajniranom Ni-Cd baterijom 7,5V\/500mAh, ima ugra\u0111en modul za selektivni tonski poziv (5-tonski CTCSS), a predajnik mu je izlazne snage 2,5W. \u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_04.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5154\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_04-1024x430.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_04-1024x430.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_04-300x126.jpg 300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_04-768x322.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_05.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5155\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_05-1024x784.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"784\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_05-1024x784.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_05-300x230.jpg 300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_05-768x588.jpg 768w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_05.jpg 1602w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_06.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5156\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_06-1024x428.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_06-1024x428.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_06-300x125.jpg 300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_06-768x321.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>Autophon SE 129 je vrlo jednostavan za upotrebu. Ima samo jednu sklopku sa pet polo\u017eaja: u sredini je ure\u0111aj isklju\u010den, a prema oznakama I i II ure\u0111aj se uklju\u010duje na prvi ili drugi radni kanal i ujedno pode\u0161ava na jednu od dvije predefinirane razine ja\u010dine zvuka (tiho ili glasno) za svaki od ta dva radna kanala. Sa bo\u010dne strane je PTT tipka, te dvije dodatne tipke za kontrolu selektivnog tonskog poziva. Na prednjoj strani je ugra\u0111ena LED za kontrolu napona baterije.<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_07.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5157\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_07-1024x612.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"612\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_07-1024x612.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_07-300x179.jpg 300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_07-768x459.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_10.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5160\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_10-1024x955.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"955\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_10-1024x955.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_10-300x280.jpg 300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_10-768x716.jpg 768w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_10.jpg 1740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a>\r\n<figcaption><span style=\"color: #00ffff;\"><em>Poluprozirna plava folija je maska za lak\u0161e lociranje komponenti koje su klju\u010dne za pode\u0161avanje i servisiranje primopredajnika.<br \/><\/em><\/span><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_08.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5158\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_08-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_08-1024x577.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_08-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_08-768x433.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_09.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5159\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_09-1024x824.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"824\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_09-1024x824.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_09-300x241.jpg 300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_09-768x618.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>Komponente primopredajnika Autophon SE 129 montirane su na dvije tiskane plo\u010dice: na jednoj su sklopovi prijemnika i predajnika, a na drugoj su komponente CTCSS kodera\/dekodera (selektivni tonski poziv). Ve\u0107ina tranzistora, otpornika i kondenzatora su SMD komponente montirane na jednu stranu dvostrano \u0161tampane plo\u010dice, dok su na drugoj strani uglavnom induktiviteti, VF transformatori, filtri, tranzistori snage, konektori i modularni sklopovi (squelch, NF pretpoja\u010dalo prijemnika i mikrofonsko poja\u010dalo predajnika).<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_12.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5162\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_12-1024x491.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_12-1024x491.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_12-300x144.jpg 300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_12-768x368.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_13.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5163\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_13-1024x618.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"618\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_13-1024x618.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_13-300x181.jpg 300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_13-768x464.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_14.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5164\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_14-1024x635.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"635\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_14-1024x635.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_14-300x186.jpg 300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_14-768x476.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>Kao \u0161to smo ve\u0107 opisivali u na\u0161im objavama, analogni CTCSS sistem slanja 5-tonskih kodova slu\u017ei za aktiviranje audio izlaza samo kod onih radio ure\u0111aja koji su pode\u0161ene na taj isti tonski kod. Na taj na\u010din stanica na prijemu ne mora slu\u0161ati sav promet na kanalu ve\u0107 samo onaj koji je upu\u0107en izravno njoj. Govorni audio opseg koji se \u0161alje u modulator predajnika ograni\u010den je na 300 &#8211; 3000 Hz, tako da se za CTCSS frekvencijske kodove koristi opseg ispod govornog cca 67-254 Hz. Ukratko re\u010deno CTCSS\/DCS je sustav koji omogu\u0107uje otvaranje prigu\u0161iva\u010da \u0161uma (squelch) na prijemniku stanice, samo u slu\u010daju kada je prethodno primljen CTCSS tonski kod na koji je ta stanica pode\u0161ena. Tu treba biti svjestan \u010dinjenice da CTCSS\/DCS nije nikakav sistem za\u0161tite koji bi onemogu\u0107avao drugim postajama da primaju poruke koje nemaju odgovaraju\u0107i kod, ve\u0107 se ovim sustavom samo omogu\u0107uje prijemnoj stanici da se (ukoliko to \u017eeli) za\u0161titi od slu\u0161anja ne\u017eeljenih poruka.<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_15.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5165\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_15-1024x876.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"876\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_15-1024x876.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_15-300x257.jpg 300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_15-768x657.jpg 768w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_15.jpg 1791w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_16.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5166\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_16.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"996\" height=\"608\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_16.jpg 996w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_16-300x183.jpg 300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_16-768x469.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\" \/><\/a>\r\n<figcaption><span style=\"color: #00ffff;\"><em>Kodiranje tonova u CTCSS koderu\/dekoderu vr\u0161i se kombinacijom kratkospojnika koji se poput integriranog kruga ume\u0107u u podno\u017enje na plo\u010dici.<\/em><\/span><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>Prijemnik Autophona SE 129 je dvostruki superheterodin sa me\u0111ufrekvencijama na 21,4 MHz i 455 kHz, a predajnik ima tri stupnja VF poja\u010danja (uklju\u010duju\u0107i i poja\u010dalo u stupnju za umno\u017eavanje frekvencije). Overtonska frekvencija prijemnog kristala iznosi 74,3125 MHz, a overtonska frekvencija predajnog kristala je 42,50625 MHz. Kako se iz ovih osnovnih frekvencija umno\u017eavanjem i mije\u0161anjem frekvencija na kraju dobiju modulirani predajni i demodulirani prijemni signali prikazano je na prilo\u017eenoj blok shemi.<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_17.gif\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5167\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_17-1024x428.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_17-1024x428.gif 1024w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_17-300x125.gif 300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_17-768x321.gif 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_18.gif\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5168\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_18-1024x490.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_18-1024x490.gif 1024w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_18-300x144.gif 300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_18-768x367.gif 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>Jedna specifi\u010dnost kod na\u0161eg predajnika je na\u010din postizanja frekvencijske modulacije (FM) nose\u0107eg signala. Naime, kod na\u0161eg predajnika se zapravo vr\u0161i fazna modulacija (PM) oscilatora predajnika da bi se u kona\u010dnici kao krajnji rezultat dobila frekvencijska modulacija (FM) izlaznog VF signala. Fazna modulacija se uglavnom koristi kod VHF i UHF predajnika kod kojih se nose\u0107a frekvencija generira u kristalnom oscilatoru. Pod utjecajem NF modulacijskog signala nose\u0107a frekvencija \u0107e se vrlo malo fazno modulirati (za svega nekoliko radijana), no ukoliko se ta frekvencija kasnije umno\u017eava (kao u na\u0161em slu\u010daju \u010detiri puta), umno\u017eiti \u0107e se i fazne devijacije \u0161to \u0107e u kona\u010dnici prouzro\u010diti frekvencijsku devijaciju nose\u0107eg signala. Kod \u010diste frekvencijske modulacije devijacija je proporcionalna samo naponu moduliraju\u0107eg NF signala, dok je frekvencijska devijacija nastala od fazne modulacije proporcionalna i naponu i frekvenciji moduliraju\u0107eg NF signala. Pri tome frekvencija moduliraju\u0107eg NF signala ne utje\u010de na kona\u010dnu veli\u010dinu frekvencijske modulacije linearno, ve\u0107 se ona pove\u0107ava za 6 dB po oktavi. S obzirom da mi \u017eelimo zadr\u017eati frekvencijsku modulaciju linearnu moduliraju\u0107em NF signalu, u NF poja\u010dalo (mikrofonsko poja\u010dalo) potrebno je ugraditi audio filtre sa frekvencijskom karakteristikom gu\u0161enja od 6 dB po oktavi \u010dime se poni\u0161tava frekvencijski utjecaj moduliraju\u0107eg signala na porast modulacije od tih 6 dB po oktavi.<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_11.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[5150]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5161\" src=\"http:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_11-1024x314.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"314\" srcset=\"http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_11-1024x314.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_11-300x92.jpg 300w, http:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_11-768x236.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a>\r\n<figcaption><span style=\"color: #00ffff;\"><em>Na natpisnoj plo\u010dici ozna\u010dno je koje verzije modula su ugra\u0111ene u na\u0161 primopredajnik.<\/em> <\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"color: #00ffff;\"><em>Najmanji razmak izme\u0111u dva radna kanala nije ozna\u010den (25, 20 ili 12,5 kHz) vjerojatno jer je aktivan samo jedan kanal, no za manji kanalni razmak potrebno je i vi\u0161e ograni\u010diti FM devijaciju kako se \u0161irine kanala ne bi preklapale. <\/em><\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"color: #00ffff;\"><em>Slijede\u0107a je oznaka PM ili FM: u na\u0161em slu\u010daju vr\u0161i se PM modulacija oscilatora predajnika, za \u0161to je potrebno nelinearno mikrofonsko poja\u010dalo sa frekvencijskom karakteristikom gu\u0161enja 6 dB po oktavi (kao \u0161to smo objasnili u tekstu). U slu\u010daju \u010diste FM modulacije bio bi ugra\u0111en modul linearnog mikrofonskog poja\u010dala. <\/em><\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"color: #00ffff;\"><em>Oznaka UB ili OB odnosi se na frekvencijski opseg na koji su pode\u0161eni filtri primopredajnika. Na\u0161 primopredajnik radi na OB opsegu 160-174 MHz, no mo\u017ee se prilagoditi i za rad na ni\u017eem UB opsegu 146-160 MHz. <\/em><\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"color: #00ffff;\"><em>Postoje ina\u010dice predajnika sa izlaznim VF stupnjem snage 1W ili kao \u0161to je na\u0161 slu\u010daj snage 2,5W. <\/em><\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"color: #00ffff;\"><em>Na kraju vidimo da su ugra\u0111eni kristali za jedan radni kanal na 170,025 MHz. Zanimljivo je da na kristalima pi\u0161e njihova overtonska ali i radna frekvencija koja se dobije umna\u017eanjem.<\/em><\/span><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>Ovime smo upoznali jedan ne\u0161to moderniji kristalni primopredajnik namijenjen za potrebe javnih slu\u017ebi i civilnih poduze\u0107a. Ovaj konkretan primopredajnik vjerojatno je bio namijenjen za potrebe dr\u017eavne \u017eeljeznice. Dvije stvari karakteristi\u010dne su za radio ure\u0111aje koji su namijenjeni za \u0161iroku upotrebu osobama koje nisu od radio struke: \u0161to \u010dvr\u0161\u0107e i robusnije ku\u0107i\u0161te te \u0161to jednostavnije i samo najosnovnije kontrole. Suprotno njima, od radio-amaterskih primopredajnika o\u010dekuje se \u0161to vi\u0161e razli\u010ditih kontrola na prednjoj plo\u010di ure\u0111aja kako bi se uvijek mogao podesiti i izvu\u0107i maksimum kvalitete signala. No, kad bi izveli na prednju plo\u010du samo trimer potenciometre koji se nalaze na plo\u010di primopredajnika Autophon SE 129 dobili bismo radio ure\u0111aj zavidnih mogu\u0107nosti pode\u0161avanja, od korekcije frekvencije, devijacije i izlazne snage predajnika, do pode\u0161avanja squelcha te RF i NF poja\u010danja prijemnika, da ne spominjemo priklju\u010dnice za vanjski mikrofon, zvu\u010dnik ili napajanje. Gotovo je \u0161teta \u0161to je ovako kvalitetan primopredajnik morao biti ovako skromno opremljen kontrolama, no bolje i to nego da \u0161ef nekog gradili\u0161ta ima stalni problem sa koordinacijom radova i strojeva jer bi neki radnik svako malo gre\u0161kom ili slu\u010dajno pritisnuo neki krivi gumb na svojem radio primopredajniku \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Danas je nabavljen VHF FM ru\u010dni primopredajnik \u0161vicarske tvrtke Autophon, oznake SE 129 iz 1991. godine. Tvrtka Autophon AG osnovana je 1922. godine i tijekom svojeg postojanja bavila se proizvodnjom komercijalnih radio i TV prijemnika, te \u017ei\u010dnih i be\u017ei\u010dnih telekomunikacijskih ure\u0111aja i opreme za vojne i civilne potrebe. Autophon AG je do 1987. godine prerasla [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5164,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-5150","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-ppredajnici","8":"czr-hentry"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/crowave.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/autophon_se129_14.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5150"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5150\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9916,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5150\/revisions\/9916"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5164"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crowave.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}